Niat Dan Tujuan Yang Baik Tidak Merubah Sarana Yang Haram, Kecuali Memiliki Dalil

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alhikmah.ac.id – Kaidah fiqihnya:

الغاية لا تبرر الوسيلة إلا بدليل

Tujuan (yang baik) tidaklah membuat baik sarana (yang haram) kecuali dengan adanya dalil. (Syaikh Walid bin Rasyid  bin Abdul Aziz bin Su’aidan, Tadzkir Al Fuhul bitarjihat Masail Al Ushul, Hal. 3. Lihat juga Talqih Al Ifham Al ‘Aliyah, 3/23)

Tujuan dan niat yang mulia tidak boleh dijalankan dengan sarana yang haram, dan sarana haram itu tetap haram walau dipakai untuk niat dan tujuan yang baik.

Dalilnya:

وَلا تَلْبِسُوا الْحَقَّ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُوا الْحَقَّ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

Dan janganlah kamu mencampurkan antara haq dan batil, dan kamu menyembunyikan yang hak itu padahal kamu tahu. (QS. Al Baqarah (2): 42) &nb sp;

Contoh penerapan kaidah ini:

–         Seseorang memperhatikan aurat wanita dengan niat tafakur atas ciptaan Allah Ta’ala. Mentafakuri ciptaan Allah Ta’ala adalah perbuatan mulia, tapi sarananya dengan memandangi hal yang Allah Ta’ala haramkan, maka sarana tersebut tetap haram tidak berubah menjadi halal walau niatnya baik.

–         Seseorang ikut bermain judi dengan niat silaturrahim dan mendakwahi   bandar judi, lalu jika memang uangnya akan dipakai untuk sedekah. Silaturrahim, berdakwah, dan sedekah adalah amal shalih bernilai tinggi, namun jika semua dilakukan memakai sarana yang haram yaitu ikut berjudi bersama manusia yang ingin didakwahi. Maka, berjudi tetaplah haram walau memiliki niat untuk mendakwahi mereka.

Namun ada pengecualian bagi hal-hal yang dibolehkan oleh dalil. Seperti berniat mengalahkan musuh ketika jihad dengan cara menebang pepohonan mereka. Hal ini pernah dilakukan nabi ketika perang Khaibar, padahal menebang pohon merupakan larangan ketika berperang. Ini terjadi karena hal itu dipandang sebagai salah satu strategi mengalahkan musuh.

Berniat mendamaikan dua orang yang bertengkar dengan cara berbohong, maka berbohong saat itu diperbolehkan. Dari Ummu Kultsum, bahwa Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi wa Sallam bersabda:

لَيْسَ الْكَذَّابُ الَّذِي يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَيَنْمِي خَيْرًا أَوْ يَقُولُ خَيْرًا

 

Bukanlah pendusta orang yang mendamaikan di antara manusia, maka dengan itu dia mengharapkan kebaikan atau mengatakan kebaikan. (HR. Bukhari No. 2692)

wallahua’lam.

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