alhikmah.ac.id – Ketika pasukan Tartar (Mongolia) –yang dipimpin Hulagu Khan- menaklukkan Baghdad (656H/1258 M), kavalerinya membuang buku-buku yang berada di perpustakaan Bagdhad ke sungai Tigris. Buku yang berjumlah banyak tersebut, dijadikan jembatan penyebrangan dari arah Barat ke Timur (baca: Rāghib al-Sirjāni , Qisshatu al-Tatār min al-Bidāyah ila `Ain Jālūt, 161-162).
Bayangkan, luas sungai Tigris yang hampir sama dengan Nil (kedalamannya mencapai 10-11 meter) itu, dipenuhi buku untuk dijadikan jembatan.
Anda bisa membayangkan berapa besar jumlah buku yang ada saat itu. Ada satu kata kunci untuk memahami cerita tersebut, yaitu: produktivitas tulisan para ulama.
Banyaknya buku yang tersimpan diperpustakaan Baghdad adalah salah satu bukti prokdutivitas ulama dalam bidang kepenulisan.
Dalam sejarah Islam, begitu banyak contoh mengenai produktivitas ulama dalam hal menulis di antaranya: Ibnu Jarir At-Thabari, karangannya berjumlah 358 ribu lembar, dalam sehari ia mampu menulis sebanyak 40 lembar ( dalam Qīmatu al-Zaman `Inda al-`Ulamā, Abdu al-Fattah Abu Ghuddah, 43).
Imam Ibnu Jauzi meninggalkan karya sebanyak lima ratus buku ( dalam Qimatu al-Zaman, 56). Abu Bakar al-Bāqalāni tidak tidur hingga menulis 35 lembar (Qimatu al-Zaman, 86) dan ulama lainnya.
Itu hanya contoh kecil dari sekian banyak contoh produktivitas ulama dalam bidang tulisan.
Yang menjadi pertanyaan kemudian ialah, “Mengapa mereka bisa produktif di zaman yang fasilitas untuk menulis begitu ala kadarnya, hanya tinta dan kertas. Pada zaman itu, untuk menggandakan buku saja harus ditulis ulang secara manual?”.
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, berikut ini akan dijelaskan secara gambalang –melalui kaca mata historis peradaban Islam- tentang rahasia produktivitas ulama dalam bidang tulisan. Di antara rahasianya ialah:
Pertama, para ulama menulis didasari keikhlasan sebagai investasi akhirat (dakwah). Dalam hadits disebutkan, bahwa mereka adalah pewaris para Nabi (HR. Bukhari, Abu Daud, dan Turmudzi).
Bagi mereka menulis bukan sekadar urusan hobi, karena mereka adalah penerus estafeta perjuangan para Nabi, maka menulis adalah urusan investasi akhirat.
Kedua, manajemen waktu yang mantap dan brilian. Mereka sadar betul bahwa waktu adalah nafas kehidupan. Sehingga, memanfaatkannya adalah sebuah keniscayaan bagi orang yang ingin sukses. Sebagai contoh riil-tanpa bermaksud membatasi-, Ibnu Jarir At-Thabari yang mampu menulis 40 lembar tulisan dalam sehari sangat pandai dalam mengatur waktu.
Muridnya sendiri –al-Qadhi Abi Bakar bin Kamil-memberi kesaksian bahwa beliau mempunyai waktu khusus untuk menulis dari ba`da Dzuhur hingga Ashar (baca: Qīmatu al-Zaman, hal. 44). Bahkan, menjelang meninggal pun ia menyempatkan diri untuk mencatat ilmu(hal. 44).
Ibnu Rusyd –dalam sejarah- tidak pernah meninggalkan mala-malamnya, kecuali membaca buku. Beliau selalu begitu, kecuali dua malam saja: Pertama, waktu ayahnya wafat. Kedua, waktu malam pengantin (baca: Kaifa Tushbinu `Āliman, Rāghib al-Sirjāni).
Lebih dari itu, ada cerita unik mengenai Tsa`lab al-Nahwi (Ahmad bin Yahya al-Syaibani), di antara sebab wafatnya ialah karena ditabrak kuda ketika membaca buku hingga jatuh ke jurang (baca: wafayātu al-A`yān, Ibnu Khillikan, 1/104).
Kakek Ibnu Taimiyah pun juga sangat bagus dalam manajemen waktu. Ia minta dibacakan buku ketika sedang buang hajat, supaya waktunya tidak sia-sia (baca: Dzailu Thabaqāt al-Hanābilah, Ibnu Rajab al-Hanbali, 2/249).
Cerita-cerita tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa mereka sangan pandai mengatur waktu. Sehingga, wajar kalau mereka sangat produktiv menulis. Bagi siapa saja yang ingin produktiv menulis, maka tak ayal lagi harus menapaktilasi jejak mereka dalam manajemen waktu.
Ketiga, apresiasi negara yang begitu tinggi pada penulis.
Khalifah Ma`mun –selaku Khalifah Daulah Abbasiyah-misalnya, memberi imbalan emas bagi para penerjemah buku (baca: `Uyūnu al-Anbā`, Ibnu Abi Ushaibah, 2/133).
Para penulis pada masa itu sangat didukung dan dihargai oleh negara, sehingga produktivitas menulis sedemikian tinggi. Salah satu bukti produktivitas mereka bisa dilihat dari banyaknya perpustakaan.
Pada masa keemasan Islam, perpustakaan sudah menjadi sebuah keniscayaan, baik di rumah, gedung pemerintahan, di desa, kota, di rumah sakit dan lain sebagainya. Waktu itu perpustakaan dibagi menjadi lima bagian: Pertama, perpustakaan akademis. Kedua, pribadi. Ketiga, umum. Keempat, sekolah. Kelima, perpustakaan masjid dan universitas (baca: Rāghib al-Sirjāni, Mādza Qaddama al-Muslimūna li al-`Ālam Ishāmātu al-Muslimīn fī al-Hadhārah al-Insāniyah,hal. 224-225)..
Di antara contoh perpustakaan besar dalam Islam ialah: Perpustakaan Baghdad (yang jumlahnya sangat banyak, sampai-sampai bisa dibuat jembatan oleh Tartar).
Perpustakaan Darul `Ilm Kairo (Setiap bagian berisi 18000 buku) lebih dari tujuh ratus ribu kitab. Perpustakaan Cordova (berisi setengah juta kitab) Perpustakaan Tripoli (baca: Kaifa Tushbihu `Āliman, Raghib al-Sirjani).
Ada juga perpustakaan koleksi pribadi. Sebagai contoh, Abu al-Fadhl bin al-`Amīd, ketika dia mau pindah dari satu tempat ke tempat lain, ia membutuhkan seratus unta untuk mengangkatnya.
Al-Shahib bin `Abbād, menurut penuturan Gustav Lobon atau Will Durent: “Perpustakaan al-Shahib bin `Abbād, pada abad keempat hijriah berisi lebih dari buku-buku yang ada di semua negara Eropa.
Dari paparan di atas, kita bisa mengetahu bahwa ada tiga hal mendasar di balik produktivitas ulama dalam bidang tulisan:
Pertama, keikhlasan.
Mereka menulis dalam rangka investasi akhirat, bukan mencari sekadar dunia atau sanjungan umat.
Kedua, mereka sangat pandai dalam manajemen waktu.
Ketiga, adanya apresiasi dan kontribusi negara.
Bila ketiga hal tersebut saling bersinergi, maka produktivitas ulama dalam bidang tulisan akan kembali bangkit.
Kalau diamati secara cermat, problem umat Islam sekarang ini, terkait dengan lesuhnya produktivitas ulama dalam bidang tulisan, diakibatkan banyaknya orang menulis bukan dalam rangka investasi akhirat, tapi orientasi keduniaan.
Di samping itu, tidak pandai menghargai waktu. Dan yang terpenting, negara sebagai lembaga paling strategis dalam mengembangkan produktivitas, kurang apresiatif dalam menghargai karya-karya penulis.
Mudah-mudahan, dengan mengetahui rahasia produktivitas ulama dalam bidang tulisan, kita sebagai umat Islam, kembali bisa produktiv, sehingga nilai-nilai luhur Islam bisa tersebar ke seantero alam. Bukan saja tersebar secara lisan, namun juga tulisan. Apalagi di era perkembangan teknologi-informasi seperti sekarang ini, keinginan itu sangat riil, bukan mustahil. Wallahu a`lam bi al-Shawab.
oleh: Mahmud Budi Setiawan, Lc



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